Lower Compression means less stress on the internal components. Realize that when people are lowering their compression, they are adding more fuel and more air. This means, more pressure when they ignite. Lowering the compression will help from preventing head gasket failure and does reduce EGT’s (only slightly but when you add more air and fuel, you counter that).
How much lower can you go, well depends on what you want to do. 14 to 1 on a dodge, seems to start ok and work on. Lower than that, and you will probably need some Ether. On a Ford a Duramax, I don't have a clue. I know a few fords running 15 to 1 and they start fine, but outside of that, who knows.